Aerobic Plus Resistance Exercise in Obese Older Adults Improves Muscle Protein Synthesis and Preserves Myocellular Quality Despite Weight Loss.

Cell Metab. 2019 Aug 6;30(2):261-273.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.06.008. | PubMed

Georgia Colleluori¹, Lina Aguirre², Uma Phadnis¹, Kenneth Fowler², Reina Armamento-Villareal¹, Zheng Sun³, Lorenzo Brunetti⁴, Jun Hyoung Park⁵, Benny Abraham Kaipparettu⁵, Nagireddy Putluri⁶, Vimlin Auetumrongsawat¹, Kevin Yarasheski⁷, Clifford Qualls⁸, Dennis T Villareal⁹

1. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
2. Medical Care Line, New Mexico VA Health Care System and Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA.
3. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
4. Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
5. Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
6. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Advanced Technology Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
7. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
8. Department of Mathematics and Statistics and School of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA.
9. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Electronic address: dennis.villareal@bcm.edu.

Abstract

Anabolic resistance and impaired myocellular quality contribute to age-related sarcopenia, which exacerbates with obesity. Diet-induced muscle mass loss is attenuated by resistance or aerobic plus resistance exercise compared to aerobic exercise in obese elderly. We assessed chronic effects of weight loss plus different exercise modalities on muscle protein synthesis response to feeding and myocellular quality. Obese older adults were randomized to a weight-management program plus aerobic, resistance, or combined aerobic and resistance exercise or to control. Participants underwent vastus lateralis biopsies at baseline and 6 months. Muscle protein synthesis rate increased more in resistance and combined than in control. Autophagy mediators' expression decreased more in combined than in aerobic, which experienced a higher increase in inflammation and mitochondrial regulators' expression. In obese elderly, combined aerobic and resistance exercise is superior to either mode independently for improving muscle protein synthesis and myocellular quality, thereby maintaining muscle mass during weight-loss therapy.

Presented by Georgia Colleluori